const myPet = 'armadillo';
console.log(`I own a pet ${myPet}.`);

// Output: I own a pet armadillo.

let a = 10, b = 3;
console.log(a + b); // 13
console.log(a - b); // 7
console.log(a * b); // 30
console.log(a / b); // ≈3.33
console.log(a % b); // 1

let x = 5;
x += 3;  // equivalent to x = x + 3
console.log(x); // 8

console.log(5 == '5');  // true (loose equality)
console.log(5 === '5'); // false (strict equality)

console.log(true && false);  // false
console.log(true || false);   // true
console.log(!false);          // true

let x = (1, 2, 3);
console.log(x); // 3

const numbers = [1, 2, 3];
const newNumbers = [...numbers, 4];
console.log(newNumbers); // [1, 2, 3, 4]

const obj = { a: { b: 5 } };
console.log(obj?.a?.b); // 5

let value = null;
console.log(value ?? 'default'); // "default"

console.log(2 ** 3); // 8

if(condition){
        // code to be executed if condition is true
    } else {
        // code to be executed if condition is false
    }

if(condition1){
  // code to be executed if condition1 is true
} else if(condition2){
  // code to be executed if condition2 is true
} else {
  // code to be executed if condition1 and condition2 are false
}

isNightTime ?  console.log('Turn on the lights!') :  console.log('Turn off the lights!');

let myArray = [1, 'apple', true, null, undefined];

let numbers = [1,2,3,4];
numbers.length  // 4

let fruits = ['apple', 'banana'];
fruits.push('cherry');
console.log(fruits);  // ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

let fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'];
let removedFruit = fruits.pop();
console.log(removedFruit); // 'cherry'
console.log(fruits);       // ['apple', 'banana']

// Remove 1 element starting at index 1:
let fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'];
let deleted = fruits.splice(1, 1);
console.log(deleted);  // ['banana']
console.log(fruits);   // ['apple', 'cherry']

let fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'];
let firstFruit = fruits.shift();
console.log(firstFruit);  // 'apple'
console.log(fruits);      // ['banana', 'cherry']

let fruits = ['banana', 'cherry'];
fruits.unshift('apple');
console.log(fruits);  // ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

let cars = ['Fiat', 'Alfa Romeo'];
cars.indexOf('Alfa Romeo');  // 1

let words = ['Hello', 'World'];
console.log(words.join(' '));  // "Hello World"

let fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'date'];
let part = fruits.slice(1, 3);
console.log(part);  // ['banana', 'cherry']

let arr1 = ['apple', 'banana'];
let arr2 = ['cherry', 'date'];
let combined = arr1.concat(arr2);
console.log(combined);  // ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'date']

const numbers = [1, 2, 3];
const doubled = numbers.map(num => num * 2);
console.log(doubled);  // [2, 4, 6]

const words = ['dog', 'elephant', 'cat'];
const shortWords = words.filter(word => word.length <= 3);
console.log(shortWords);  // ['dog', 'cat']

const nums = [2, 4, 6];
const allEven = nums.every(num => num % 2 === 0);
console.log(allEven);  // true

const nums = [1, 3, 5, 8];
const hasEven = nums.some(num => num % 2 === 0);
console.log(hasEven);  // true

const sentence = "Hello World";
const words = sentence.split(" ");
console.log(words);  // ["Hello", "World"]

const nums = [10, 20, 5, 40];
const index = nums.findIndex(num => num < 10);
console.log(index);  // 2

const fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
const fruitString = fruits.join(", ");
console.log(fruitString);  // "apple, banana, cherry"

for (let counter = 0; counter < 4; counter++) {
  console.log(counter);
}
//  1
//  2
//  3
//  4

const hobbies = ['singing', 'eating', 'quidditch', 'writing'];
for (const hobby of hobbies) {
  console.log(`I enjoy ${hobby}.`);
}
// I enjoy singing
// I enjoy eating
// I enjoy quidditch
// I enjoy writing

const obj = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };
for (const property in obj) {
  console.log(`${property}: ${obj[property]}`);
}
// Expected output:
// "a: 1"
// "b: 2"
// "c: 3"

let counterTwo = 1;
while (counterTwo < 4) {
  console.log(counterTwo);
  counterTwo++;
}

let countString = '';
let i = 0;
do {
  countString = countString + i;
  i++;
} while (i < 5);
console.log(countString);
//  0
//  01
//  012
//  0123
          

for (let i = 0; i < 99; i++) {
  if (i > 2) {
    console.log("I am free!")
    break;
  }
  console.log('Banana');
}
// Banana
// Banana
// Banana
// I am free!
          

const strangeBirds = ['Shoebill', 'Cow', 'Terrorbird', 'Parotia', 'Kakapo'];

for (const bird of strangeBirds) {
  if (bird === 'Cow') {
    continue;
  }
  console.log(bird);
}
// Output:
// Shoebill
// Terrorbird
// Parotia
// Kakapo

function sum(num1, num2) {
  return num1 + num2;
}

function rocketToMars() {
  return 'BOOM!';
}
// Invoke:
rocketToMars(); // "BOOM!"

const rocketToMars = function() {
  return 'BOOM!';
};
// Invoke:
rocketToMars(); // "BOOM!"

const bark = function() {
  return 'Woof!';
};
console.log(bark()); // "Woof!"

function sayHello(name = 'stranger') {
  console.log('Hello, ' + name);
}
sayHello('Simone');  // "Hello, Simone"
sayHello();          // "Hello, stranger"

function checkAge(age) {
  if (age < 0) {
    return; // Exits with undefined
  }
  return age >= 18;
}

function greet(name) {
  console.log('Hello, ' + name);
}
greet('Simone'); // "Hello, Simone"

let spaceship = {
  'Fuel Type': 'diesel',  // key is 'Fuel Type', value is 'diesel'
  color: 'silver'         // key is color, value is 'silver'
};

let spaceship = {
  'Fuel Type': 'Turbo Fuel',
  'Active Duty': true,
  homePlanet: 'Earth',
  numCrew: 5
};
console.log(spaceship.numCrew);  // 5
console.log(spaceship['Fuel Type']);  // 'Turbo Fuel'

const spaceship = {
  telescope: {
    yearBuilt: 2018,
    focalLength: 2032
  },
  crew: {
    captain: {
      name: 'Sandra',
      encourageTeam() { console.log('We got this!'); }
    }
  },
  engine: {
    model: 'Nimbus2000'
  },
  nanoelectronics: {
    computer: {
      terabytes: 100,
    },
    'back-up': {
      battery: 'Lithium',
      terabytes: 50
    }
  }
};
console.log(spaceship.nanoelectronics['back-up'].battery);  // 'Lithium'

let spaceship = {
  homePlanet: 'Earth',
  color: 'red'
};
let tryReassignment = obj => {
  obj = {
    identified: false,
    'transport type': 'flying'
  };
  obj.color = 'blue';
  console.log(obj); // Prints the new object
};
tryReassignment(spaceship);
console.log(spaceship); // { homePlanet: 'Earth', color: 'blue' }
// Regular reassignment works:
spaceship = {
  identified: false,
  'transport type': 'flying'
};
console.log(spaceship);  //{identified: false,'transport type': 'flying'}

const goat = {
  dietType: 'herbivore',
  diet() {
    console.log(this.dietType);
  }
};
goat.diet();  // Outputs: herbivore

const goat2 = {
  dietType: 'herbivore',
  diet: () => {
    console.log(this.dietType);
  }
};
goat2.diet();  // Outputs: undefined

const person = {
  _firstName: 'John',
  _lastName: 'Doe',
  get fullName() {
    if (this._firstName && this._lastName) {
      return `${this._firstName} ${this._lastName}`;
    } else {
      return 'Missing a first name or last name.';
    }
  }
};
console.log(person.fullName);  // 'John Doe'

const person2 = {
  _age: 37,
  set age(newAge) {
    if (typeof newAge === 'number') {
      this._age = newAge;
    } else {
      console.log('You must assign a number to age');
    }
  }
};
person2.age = 40;
console.log(person2._age);  // 40
person2.age = '40';         // Logs: You must assign a number to age

const vampire = {
  name: 'Dracula',
  residence: 'Transylvania',
  preferences: {
    day: 'stay inside',
    night: 'satisfy appetite'
  }
};
const { residence } = vampire;
console.log(residence);  // 'Transylvania'
const { day } = vampire.preferences;
console.log(day);  // 'stay inside'